Title Rhinovirus Genotypes Circulating in Bulgaria, 2018-2021.
Author Georgieva, Irina; Stoyanova, Asya; Angelova, Svetla; Korsun, Neli; Stoitsova, Savina; Nikolaeva-Glomb, Lubomira
Journal Viruses Publication Year/Month 2023-Jul
PMID 37515294 PMCID PMC10385483
Affiliation + expend 1.Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Rhinoviruses (RV) are one of the most common causative agents of respiratory infections, with significant socioeconomic impact. RV infections are not notifiable in Bulgaria, and little is known about the different RV genotypes circulating in the country. This study aims to investigate the diversity of RV genotypes that were circulating in Bulgaria in the period 2018-2021 in samples from ILI/ARI patients. Genotype assignment was based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5\' untranslated region and the VP4-VP2 region. Out of a total of 1385 nasopharyngeal swabs tested, 166 were RV-positive (RV detection rate: 11.99% (166/1385)). Those with a cycle threshold <25 were selected for genotyping (n = 63). RV isolates were successfully genotyped and classified into 34 genotypes within Rhinovirus A (RV-A), Rhinovirus B (RV-B) and Rhinovirus C (RV-C) species. Presumptive recombination events between the 5\'UTR and VP4-VP2 regions were detected in three of the isolates. RV-A and RV-C were the prevalent RV species, with significantly more frequent detections of RV-A in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the post-pandemic period, when RV-C prevailed. The present study is the first to determine RV genotypes in Bulgaria and the circulation of RV-C has been described for the first time in the country.

StrainID RV Species Serotype Length(nt) Country Year Strain Name
BNS02043 B None 390 China 2020 RV-B72/HongKong/0530/2020
BNS02044 B None 297 Bulgaria 2021 45BG2021
BNS02045 B None 297 Bulgaria 2019 27BG2019
BNS02046 B None 288 Bulgaria 2019 26BG2019
CNS07355 C 1 7069 China 2023 HRVC318/China/Kunming/2023/LZG
CNS07358 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C26/HongKong/2691/2021
CNS07359 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2686/2021
CNS07360 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2678/2021
CNS07361 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2651/2021
CNS07362 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2569/2021
CNS07366 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2549/2021
CNS07367 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2547/2021
CNS07369 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2541/2021
CNS07370 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2534/2021
CNS07371 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2533/2021
CNS07372 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C35/HongKong/2529/2021
CNS07373 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/2460/2021
CNS07374 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C27/HongKong/2431/2021
CNS07376 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C24/HongKong/2256/2021
CNS07377 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C24 /HongKong/2125/2021
CNS07378 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C24/HongKong/2118/2021
CNS07379 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/2097/2021
CNS07380 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C24/HongKong/2086/2021
CNS07381 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C24/HongKong/2067/2021
CNS07382 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C51/HongKong/1943/2021
CNS07383 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1925/2021
CNS07384 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1821/2021
CNS07385 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1797/2021
CNS07386 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1786/2021
CNS07387 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C56/HongKong/1761/2021
CNS07388 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1703/2021
CNS07389 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1687/2021
CNS07390 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1637/2021
CNS07391 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1605/2021
CNS07392 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1603/2021
CNS07393 C None 390 China 2021 RV-C8/HongKong/1581/2021
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