Title High genetic diversity of human rhinovirus among pilgrims with acute respiratory tract infections during the 2019 Hajj pilgrimage season.
Author El-Kafrawy, Sherif A; Alsayed, Salma M; Alandijany, Thamir A; Bajrai, Leena H; Faizo, Arwa A; Al-Sharif, Hessa A; Hassan, Ahmed M; Alquthami, Khalid M; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Zumla, Alimuddin; Azhar, Esam I
Journal Int J Infect Dis Publication Year/Month 2022-Aug
PMID 35577249 PMCID -N/A-
Affiliation + expend 1.Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) due to human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are common in pilgrims during the annual Hajj pilgrimage. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of HRV among pilgrims with respiratory symptoms during Hajj 2019. METHODS: HRV infection was detected using multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cycle sequencing was performed on positive samples and the sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 19 HRV-positive respiratory samples were sequenced. All three serotypes of HRV were identified: HRV-A (13; 68.42%) was more common than HRV-B (2; 10.53%) and HRV-C (4; 21.05%). HRV-A species were found to be of genotypes A101, A21, A30, A57, A23, A60, and A11. HRV-B species belonged to genotypes B4 and B84, and HRV-C species were of genotypes C15, C3, and C56. CONCLUSION: Sequencing studies of respiratory tract viruses in pilgrims are important. We provide preliminary evidence of high diversity of HRV genotypes circulating in pilgrims in a restricted area during Hajj. This requires further clinical and sequencing studies of viral pathogens in larger cohorts of overseas and local pilgrims.

StrainID RV Species Serotype Length(nt) Country Year Strain Name
UNS07151 Unclassified None 394 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV_B84_Sudan_466754_2019
UNS07152 Unclassified None 395 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-C15_Oman_818881_2019
UNS07153 Unclassified None 267 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A30_Sudan_180826_2019
UNS07154 Unclassified None 393 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A57_Dominica_463755_2019
UNS07155 Unclassified None 393 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A57_Indonesia_491466_2019
UNS07156 Unclassified None 315 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A51_Fiji_447846_2019
UNS07157 Unclassified None 408 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A21_India_517674_2019
UNS07158 Unclassified None 405 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A21_Turkey_173421_2019
UNS07159 Unclassified None 402 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A23_Indonesia_540838_2019
UNS07160 Unclassified None 354 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A101_Somali_172619_2019
UNS07161 Unclassified None 354 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A101_Somali_171815_2019
UNS07162 Unclassified None 450 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-C3_Morocco_242168_2019
UNS07163 Unclassified None 402 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A60_India_172653_2019
UNS07164 Unclassified None 414 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-C56_Tunisia_510276_2019
UNS07165 Unclassified None 285 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A11_Saudi_522583_2019
UNS07166 Unclassified None 411 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV_B4_Sudan_51027_2019
UNS07167 Unclassified None 393 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-C15_Indonesia_193029_2019
UNS07168 Unclassified None 346 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A7_Indonesia_501270_2019
UNS07169 Unclassified None 346 Saudi Arabia 2019 SIAU_HRV-A7_Bangladesh_466553_2019
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