Important new developments in the understanding of CAP encompass new insights into pathogens, risk stratification and antibiotic treatment. Respiratory viruses are increasingly described as relevant pathogens in CAP, such as influenza and rhinoviruses. Risk stratification is central in the management of CAP. In addition to the classical scores blood glucose levels add to the risk prediction. Risk adapted antibiotic treatment is increasingly refined and the use of macrolides in patients with bacteremia or marked inflammation is advocated. Recently developed new antibiotics add to the therapeutic options in CAP.