Title Development of real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for rhinovirus detection.
Author Nakauchi, Mina; Takayama, Ikuyo; Takahashi, Hitoshi; Semba, Shohei; Saito, Shinji; Kubo, Hideyuki; Kaida, Atsushi; Oba, Kunihiro; Nagata, Shiho; Odagiri, Takato; Kageyama, Tsutomu
Journal J Med Virol Publication Year/Month 2019-Jul
PMID 30735248 PMCID PMC7166982
Affiliation + expend 1.Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen, Musashimuyayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan.

Human rhinoviruses (RVs) belong to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae, and are classified into RV-A, -B, and -C species. Two assays were developed to detect RVs by a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method: one was designed based on the 5\'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of RV-A and -B, and the other was designed based on the 5\'-UTR of RV-C. The competence of both assays for the diagnosis of RV infection was tested using isolated viruses and compared with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays on clinical specimens. Neither assay demonstrated cross-reactivity with other tested enteroviruses, and they detected 19 out of 21 tested RV-As and seven out of eight tested RV-Cs. The specificity of the assays was 100% for the detection of RVs and their sensitivity for RV-A and RV-C was 86.3% and 77.3%, respectively, on clinical specimens by the combined use of both assays. Considering that both developed assays were highly specific and detected the majority of recently circulating RVs, they are helpful for the diagnosis of RV infection. Consequently, the results generated by these assays will enhance the surveillance of respiratory illness and the study of the roles of RVs associated with clinical features and disease severity.

StrainID RV Species Serotype Length(nt) Country Year Strain Name
ANC04269 A None 501 Japan 2014 K16-0142
ANC04274 A None 500 Japan 2014 K16-0132
ANC04279 A None 528 Japan 2014 K16-0117
ANC04284 A None 500 Japan 2014 K16-0093
ANC04289 A None 528 Japan 2014 K16-0080
ANC04294 A None 493 Japan 2014 K16-0067
ANC04299 A None 511 Japan 2014 K16-0052
ANC04304 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0008
ANC04309 A None 508 Japan 2014 K15-0058
ANC04314 A None 522 Japan 2014 K15-0044
ANC04319 A None 510 Japan 2014 K15-0025
ANC04324 A None 528 Japan 2014 SGH16-71
ANC04329 A None 481 Japan 2014 SGH16-4
ANC04334 A None 536 Japan 2014 SGH15-25
ANC04339 A None 532 Japan 2014 SGH14-54
ANM04270 A None 493 Japan 2014 K16-0140
ANM04275 A None 510 Japan 2014 K16-0128
ANM04280 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0111
ANM04285 A None 520 Japan 2014 K16-0088
ANM04290 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0076
ANM04295 A None 501 Japan 2014 K16-0063
ANM04300 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0047
ANM04305 A None 528 Japan 2014 K15-0441
ANM04310 A None 515 Japan 2014 K15-0055
ANM04315 A None 530 Japan 2014 K15-0043
ANM04320 A None 441 Japan 2014 K15-0019
ANM04325 A None 533 Japan 2014 SGH16-64
ANM04330 A None 492 Japan 2014 SGH15-54
ANM04335 A None 536 Japan 2014 SGH15-24
ANM04340 A None 507 Japan 2014 SGH14-51
ANP04267 A None 530 Japan 2014 K16-0149
ANP04272 A None 487 Japan 2014 K16-0137
ANP04277 A None 512 Japan 2014 K16-0122
ANP04282 A None 532 Japan 2014 K16-0099
ANP04287 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0082
ANP04292 A None 511 Japan 2014 K16-0071
ANP04297 A None 497 Japan 2014 K16-0058
ANP04302 A None 535 Japan 2014 K16-0036
ANP04307 A None 533 Japan 2014 K15-0068
ANP04312 A None 497 Japan 2014 K15-0049
ANP04317 A None 533 Japan 2014 K15-0031
ANP04322 A None 510 Japan 2014 K15-0016
ANP04327 A None 500 Japan 2014 SGH16-28
ANP04332 A None 526 Japan 2014 SGH15-30
ANP04337 A None 497 Japan 2014 SGH15-12
ANS04268 A None 497 Japan 2014 K16-0148
ANS04273 A None 534 Japan 2014 K16-0136
ANS04278 A None 502 Japan 2014 K16-0118
ANS04283 A None 496 Japan 2014 K16-0098
ANS04288 A None 505 Japan 2014 K16-0081
ANS04293 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0068
ANS04298 A None 527 Japan 2014 K16-0056A
ANS04303 A None 502 Japan 2014 K16-0034
ANS04308 A None 499 Japan 2014 K15-0061
ANS04313 A None 508 Japan 2014 K15-0045
ANS04318 A None 507 Japan 2014 K15-0030
ANS04323 A None 536 Japan 2014 K15-0008
ANS04328 A None 494 Japan 2014 SGH16-25
ANS04333 A None 526 Japan 2014 SGH15-29
ANS04338 A None 539 Japan 2014 SGH15-9
ANZ04266 A None 536 Japan 2014 K16-0157
ANZ04271 A None 499 Japan 2014 K16-0138
ANZ04276 A None 537 Japan 2014 K16-0123A
ANZ04281 A None 497 Japan 2014 K16-0103
ANZ04286 A None 532 Japan 2014 K16-0087
ANZ04291 A None 538 Japan 2014 K16-0073
ANZ04296 A None 497 Japan 2014 K16-0062
ANZ04301 A None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0043A
ANZ04306 A None 535 Japan 2014 K15-0077
ANZ04311 A None 497 Japan 2014 K15-0052
ANZ04316 A None 536 Japan 2014 K15-0035
ANZ04321 A None 536 Japan 2014 K15-0017
ANZ04326 A None 531 Japan 2014 SGH16-59
ANZ04331 A None 502 Japan 2014 SGH15-41
ANZ04336 A None 537 Japan 2014 SGH15-21
ANZ04341 A None 539 Japan 2014 SGH14-48
BNC00774 B None 558 Japan 2014 SGH14-57B
BNP00772 B None 546 Japan 2014 K15-0020
BNS00773 B None 480 Japan 2014 SGH15-6
BNZ00771 B None 503 Japan 2014 K15-0048
CNC02879 C None 536 Japan 2014 K16-0153
CNC02884 C None 523 Japan 2014 K16-0095
CNC02889 C None 523 Japan 2014 K16-0056C
CNC02894 C None 533 Japan 2014 K16-0032
CNC02899 C None 552 Japan 2014 SGH15-47
CNC02904 C None 523 Japan 2014 SGH14-55
CNM02880 C None 493 Japan K16-0130
CNM02885 C None 524 Japan K16-0089
CNM02890 C None 528 Japan K16-0055
CNM02895 C None 525 Japan K15-0446
CNM02900 C None 532 Japan SGH15-11
CNP02882 C None 529 Japan K16-0105
CNP02887 C None 525 Japan K16-0064
CNP02892 C None 527 Japan K16-0035
CNP02897 C None 552 Japan K15-0038
CNP02902 C None 515 Japan SGH14-59
CNS02883 C None 522 Japan K16-0104
CNS02888 C None 467 Japan K16-0060
CNS02893 C None 534 Japan K16-0033
CNS02898 C None 523 Japan SGH16-63
CNS02903 C None 535 Japan SGH14-57C
CNZ02881 C None 523 Japan K16-0123C
CNZ02886 C None 524 Japan K16-0084
CNZ02891 C None 524 Japan K16-0043C
CNZ02896 C None 524 Japan K15-0444
CNZ02901 C None 550 Japan SGH15-4
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