AIM: Study prevalence of adenovirus species and serotypes that had caused acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in Moscow in 2004 - 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Material from respiratory tract of 4731 patients with ARVI and 663 conditionally healthy children and adults was used. ARVI causative agents were detected by PCR with real-time detection using AmpliSens reagent kits (CRIE, Moscow). Membership of adenoviruses to a certain serotype was determined by sequencing of hexon gene segment. Adenoviruses that had caused ARD in servicemen in 2010 - 2014 were also studied. RESULTS: ARVI causative agents were detected in 64.6% ill children and 58% of adults. Respiratory-syncytial and rhinoviruses prevailed in children, influenza A virus--in adults. Adenoviruses were detected in 6.9% of ill children and 2.9% of adults during the whole year, with a rise in October-December. B and C species occurred at an equal frequency, E species was found less often. Serotypes 3 and 2 prevailed in 34% and 21% of cases of adenovirus mono-infection, respectively, serotypes 7, 6 and 4 occurred less often. 4 out of 5 outbreaks of adenovirus infection in servicemen were caused by serotype 7. Adenoviruses were absent in the group of healthy adults, in conditionally healthy children were detected in 0.4% of cases and were attributed to serotypes 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Etiological structure of ARVI was studied for the last decade. Adenovirus infection ranked 5th in children and 7th in adults. 9 serotypes of 3 species of respiratory adenoviruses were identified. Varying prevalence of species and serotypes depending in season, clinical diagnosis and patient age was demonstrated.