Trends in the development of modern ideas about health as the ability to adapt require personalization and preventive orientation in evaluating and predicting individual health. It can be realized only on the basis ofprenosological approach, which is necessary in medicine and physiology of labor, in particular--in the aviation and space medicine. The article analyzes the concept of adaptation risks and its application for health, assessing on the basis of the results of space and Earth modeling studies of autonomic regulation according to the HRV (heart rate variability) analysis. It is demonstrated that the developed methods for individual prenosological control have high diagnostic efficiency.