| Title | The degree of autonomic modulation is associated with the severity of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. | ||
| Author | Fleischer, Jesper; Cichosz, Simon Lebech; Jakobsen, Poul Erik; Yderstraede, Knud; Gulichsen, Elisabeth; Nygaard, Hans; Eldrup, Ebbe; Lervang, Hans Henrik; Tarnow, Lise; Ejskjaer, Niels | ||
| Journal | J Diabetes Sci Technol | Publication Year/Month | 2015-May |
| PMID | 25591852 | PMCID | PMC4604533 |
| Affiliation + expend | 1.Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Jesper.fleischer@clin.au.dk. | ||
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the degree of autonomic modulation is associated with the degree of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 290 type 1 individuals with diabetes were randomly recruited during normal visits to outpatient clinics at 4 Danish hospitals. The degree of autonomic modulations was quantified by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) during passive spectral analysis and active tests (valsalva ratio [VT], response to standing [RT], and deep breathing [E:I]). To describe possible associations between severity of microvascular complications and measures of autonomic modulation, multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: After adjusting for diabetes duration, sex, age, pulse pressure, heart rate, and smoking, autonomic dysfunction remained significantly correlated with severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes patients. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic dysfunction is present in early stages of retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.