Title Sequencing human rhinoviruses: direct sequencing versus plasmid cloning.
Author Linder, Jodell E; Plachco, Tatyana E; Libster, Romina; Miller, E Kathryn
Journal J Virol Methods Publication Year/Month 2015-Jan
PMID 25286177 PMCID PMC4786303
Affiliation + expend 1.Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States. Electronic address: jodell.jackson@vanderbilt.edu.

Human rhinoviruses (RV) are associated with the majority of viral respiratory illnesses in infants, children and adults. Over the last several years, researchers have begun to sequence the many different species and strains of RV in order to determine if certain species were associated with increased disease severity. There are a variety of techniques employed to prepare samples for sequencing. One method utilizes plasmid-cloning, which is expensive and takes several hours to complete. Recently, some investigators have instead used direct sequencing to sequence RV strains, allowing for omission of the time- and labor-intensive cloning step. This study formally compares and contrasts the sequencing results obtained from plasmid-cloning and direct Sanger sequencing of a 500 base pair PCR product covering the VP4/VP2 region of RV. A slightly longer sequence (by 65 base pairs on average) was obtained when specimens were plasmid-cloned, and the sequences were 86% similar. After trimming the extra base pairs from the cloned sequences, the sequences were 99.7% identical. Overall success of directly sequencing samples was similar to that of cloning, 5% on average failed for each technique. Therefore, in many instances, directly sequencing samples may be considered in lieu of the more expensive and time-consuming plasmid-cloning technique.

StrainID RV Species Serotype Length(nt) Country Year Strain Name
ANC06114 A None 495 Argentina 2012 BA.12.6.28.C
ANC06119 A None 423 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.16.D
ANM06115 A None 457 Argentina 2012 BA.12.1.6.D
ANM06120 A None 495 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.16.C
ANP06112 A None 494 Argentina 2012 BA2.12.6.15.C
ANP06117 A None 409 Argentina 2012 BA.12.2.24.D
ANP06122 A None 495 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.27.C
ANS06113 A None 467 Argentina 2012 BA.12.6.28.D
ANS06118 A None 497 Argentina 2012 BA.12.2.24.C
ANZ06111 A None 434 Argentina 2012 BA2.12.6.15.D
ANZ06116 A None 501 Argentina 2012 BA.12.1.6.C
ANZ06121 A None 407 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.27.D
BNC01129 B None 496 Argentina 2011 BA.11.9.19.C
BNM01130 B None 405 Argentina 2012 BA2.12.9.18.D
BNP01127 B None 491 Argentina 2012 BA.12.1.16.C
BNP01132 B None 414 Argentina 2012 BA.12.9.18.D
BNS01128 B None 416 Argentina 2011 BA.11.9.19.D
BNS01133 B None 493 Argentina 2012 BA.12.9.18.C
BNZ01126 B None 411 Argentina 2012 BA.12.1.16.D
BNZ01131 B None 484 Argentina 2012 BA2.12.9.18.C
CNC04104 C None 410 Argentina 2011 BA.11.11.14.D
CNC04109 C None 484 Argentina 2012 BA.12.5.4.C
CNM04100 C None 399 Argentina 2012 BA.12.9.10.D
CNM04105 C None 493 Argentina 2011 BA.11.11.14.C
CNM04110 C None 428 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.4.D
CNP04102 C None 453 Argentina 2011 BA.11.11.21.D
CNP04107 C None 493 Argentina 2012 BA.12.6.15.C
CNS04103 C None 489 Argentina 2011 BA.11.11.21.C
CNS04108 C None 457 Argentina 2012 BA.12.5.4.D
CNZ04101 C None 485 Argentina 2012 BA.12.9.10.C
CNZ04106 C None 454 Argentina 2012 BA.12.6.15.D
CNZ04111 C None 492 Argentina 2012 BA.12.3.4.C
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