OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test whether a new heart rate variability (HRV) complexity measure, the Point Correlation Dimension (PD2i), provides diagnostic information regarding early subclinical autonomic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM). We tested the ability of PD2i to detect diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) in asymptomatic young DM patients without overt neuropathy and compared them to age- and gender-matched controls. METHODS: HRV in DM type 1 patients (n=17, 10 female, 7 male) aged 12.9-31.5 years (duration of DM 12.4+/-1.2 years) was compared to that in a control group of 17 healthy matched probands. The R-R intervals were measured over 1h using a telemetric ECG system. RESULTS: PD2i was able to detect ANS dysfunction with p=0.0006, similar to the best discriminating MSE scale, with p=0.0002. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of PD2i to detect DAN in asymptomatic DM patients is similar to the best discriminative power of previously published complexity measures. SIGNIFICANCE: The PD2i algorithm may prove to be an easy to perform and clinically useful tool for the early detection of autonomic neuropathy in DM type 1 patients, especially given its minimal data requirements.