Title Individual-level PM(2).(5) exposure and the time course of impaired heart rate variability: the APACR Study.
Author He, Fan; Shaffer, Michele L; Li, Xian; Rodriguez-Colon, Sol; Wolbrette, Deborah L; Williams, Ronald; Cascio, Wayne E; Liao, Duanping
Journal J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Publication Year/Month 2011-Jan-Feb
PMID 20372190 PMCID PMC3647364
Affiliation 1.Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

In 106 community-dwelling middle-aged non-smokers we examined the time-course and the acute effects of fine particles (PM(2).(5)) on heart rate variability (HRV), which measures cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM). Twenty-four hours beat-to-beat ECG data were visually examined. Artifacts and arrhythmic beats were removed. Normal beat-to-beat RR data were used to calculate HRV indices. Personal PM(2).(5) nephelometry was used to estimate 24-h individual-level real-time PM(2).(5) exposures. We use linear mixed-effects models to assess autocorrelation- and other major confounder-adjusted regression coefficients between 1-6 h moving averages of PM(2).(5) and HRV indices. The increases in preceding 1-6 h moving averages of PM(2).(5) was significantly associated with lower HF, LF, and SDNN, with the largest effect size at 4-6 h moving averages and smallest effects size at 1 h moving average. For example, a 10 mug/m(3) increase in 1 and 6-h moving averages was associated with 0.027 and 0.068 ms(2) decrease in log-HF, respectively, and with 0.024 and 0.071 ms(2) decrease in log-LF, respectively, and with 0.81 and 1.75 ms decrease in SDNN, respectively (all P-values <0.05). PM(2).(5) exposures are associated with immediate impairment of CAM. With a time-course of within 6 h after elevated PM(2).(5) exposure, with the largest effects around 4-6 h.

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