| Title | Multiple receptors involved in human rhinovirus attachment to live cells. | ||
| Author | Rankl, Christian; Kienberger, Ferry; Wildling, Linda; Wruss, Jurgen; Gruber, Hermann J; Blaas, Dieter; Hinterdorfer, Peter | ||
| Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | Publication Year/Month | 2008-Nov |
| PMID | 18997008 | PMCID | PMC2584741 |
| Affiliation | 1.Institute for Biophysics, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria. | ||
Minor group human rhinoviruses (HRVs) attach to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family and are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The attachment of HRV2 to the cell surface, the first step in infection, was characterized at the single-molecule level by atomic force spectroscopy. Sequential binding of multiple receptors was evident from recordings of characteristic quantized force spectra, which suggests that multiple receptors bound to the virus in a timely manner. Unbinding forces required to detach the virus from the cell membrane increased within a time frame of several hundred milliseconds. The number of receptors involved in virus binding was determined, and estimates for on-rate, off-rate, and equilibrium binding constant of the interaction between HRV2 and plasma membrane-anchored receptors were obtained.