The study examined whether the alterations in heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) observed in patients with coronary artery disease can also be discerned in otherwise healthy subjects with mild-to-moderate arteriosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation. Based on the results of carotid duplex ultrasonography, subjects were designated as either having no arteriosclerotic lesions (n = 18), unilateral (n = 19) or bilateral lesions (n = 18) in the bifurcation. Electrocardiograms were recorded and simultaneous and continuous records of arterial pressure were obtained. Resting HRV was determined by calculating the spectral power density in three frequency bands: 0-0.05 Hz [very low frequency (VLF) band], 0.05-0.15 [low frequency (LF) band] and 0.15-2 Hz (high frequency band), whereas the arterial pressure variability (APV) was determined from spectral power density of the VLF and LF bands. Carotid BRS was evaluated by measuring R-R intervals during application of pulse-synchronous graded pressures (40 to -65 mmHg) in a neck-chamber device. Analysis of variance revealed no effect of mild-to-moderate carotid arteriosclerosis on the spectral components of HRV and APV or on BRS. It thus appears that mild-to-moderate asymptomatic carotid arteriosclerosis does not affect carotid BRS, APV or HRV at rest.